Multivariate analysis of potentially toxic elements in surface waters in Ethiopia

Abstract The Akaki River and its tributaries, in the city of Addis Ababa, are polluted by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) (Sb, Zn, Cd, As, Hg, Cu, Pb, Fe, V, Ni, Co, Mn, Cr, B, Sr Ba) varying degrees due to significantly fast urban expansion industrial activities. water samples collected from twenty-six different locations or sampling sites along some tributaries were analyzed ICP-MS determine PTEs. multivariate component analysis was used evaluate relationship interdependency among results showed that mean concentrations for most PTEs exceeded recommended limits drinking irrigation quality guidelines. A strong positive observed many river indicating common sources. study area those previously reported also varied with site location, signifying localized contributions contaminants associated municipal, domestic, industrial, hospitals, garages other These findings this should help highlight focus management on key concern prioritize efforts mitigate their release into surface waters city. Given potential health implications mitigation measures be sought as a matter urgency relevant authorities Ethiopia.